![]() To do this, he theoretically analyzed the trajectories of the elementary particles falling in a gravitational field, combining classical and quantum theories. In a recent study published in Annalen der Physik, Emelyanov sought to understand whether the principle of universality for free-falling objects remains valid even on these microscopic scales. However, though Newton and Einstein’s theories have helped describe gravity on the scale of planets, stars, galaxies, and even the Universe as a whole, they are classical theories that do not take into account quantum effects, which are crucial to understanding the physics of atoms and elementary particles. Einstein’s theory is crucial in situations where gravitating bodies move at velocities close to the speed of light or when gravitational fields are exceptionally strong, such as those generated by black holes and neutron stars. The universality principle became an integral part of Newton’s theory of gravity, formulated back in the 17 th century, and was included in Einstein’s general theory of relativity developed later on. ![]() This result is known as the universality of free fall.” “Accordingly, all bodies fall down to the Earth with the same acceleration. “It is a result of numerous experiments that the trajectory of a freely falling body is independent of its internal structure and composition,” said Vyacheslav Emelyanov, professor of theoretical physics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany, in an email. The first experiments to test this principle were carried out by Galileo Galilei at the end of the 16 th century, when he dropped balls made of different materials and weights from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, confirming they all reached the Earth’s surface at the same time. ![]() One of the pillars of our understanding of gravity is the assumption that all particles, regardless of their mass, move in a gravitational field along the same trajectories at the same rate. ![]()
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